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''Danaus'', commonly called tigers, milkweeds, monarchs, wanderers, and queens, is a genus of butterflies in the tiger butterfly tribe. They are found worldwide, including North America, South America, Africa, Asia, Indonesia and Australia. For other Tigers see the genus, ''Parantica''. == Taxonomy == Following the review of Smith et al. (2005), 12 species are provisionally accepted based on morphological, mtDNA 12S rRNA and cytochrome ''c'' oxidase subunit I, and nuclear DNA 18S rRNA and EF1 subunit α sequence data: * ''Danaus affinis'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Malay Tiger * ''Danaus chrysippus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – Plain Tiger, Common Tiger, African Monarch, Lesser Wanderer, or African Queen * ''Danaus cleophile'' (Godart, 1819) – Jamaican Monarch * ''Danaus dorippus'' (Klug, 1845) – Dorippus Tiger (formerly included in ''D. chrysippus'') * ''Danaus eresimus'' (Cramer, ()) – Soldier or Tropical Queen, includes ''D. plexaure'' * ''Danaus erippus'' (Cramer, ()) – Southern Monarch * ''Danaus genutia'' (Cramer, ()) – Common Tiger, Indian Monarch, or Orange Tiger * ''Danaus gilippus'' (Cramer, ()) – Queen * ''Danaus ismare'' (Cramer, ()) – Ismare Tiger * ''Danaus melanippus'' (Cramer, ()) – White Tiger, Common Tiger, or Eastern Common Tiger * ''Danaus petilia'' (Stoll, 1790) – Lesser Wanderer * ''Danaus plexippus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – Monarch or Wanderer This genus was formerly split into the subgenera ''Danaus'', ''Salatura'', and ''Anosia'', but this arrangement has been abolished. While the first (the 2–3 monarch butterflies) and ''Salatura'' (species ''ismare, genutia, affinis'', and ''melanippus'') do indeed seem to be clades, the relationship of these to the other species, especially the puzzling ''D. dorippus'', is not clear. Hybridization producing fertile offspring is known to occur between some species, confounding mtDNA data; this seems to be especially true in the case of ''D. dorippus'' (Smith et al. 2005). In addition, male-killing ''Spiroplasma'' infection has been shown in ''D. chrysippus'' and probably also occurs in other species (Jiggins et al. 2000); the consequences for speciation and evolution are probably similar to those observed in infection with male-killing strains of the better-researched ''Wolbachia'' bacteria. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Danaus (genus)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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